In 2025, Voice of America was thrust into the spotlight when the bulk of its funding was taken away.
But in an era shaped by the internet and social media revolutions and with the West's funding priorities changing, it wasn't the first international broadcaster to go quiet.
The soft power war of the airwaves has now moved to a decisive phase.
Josephine McDermott traces the start of international radio and its heyday through World War II and the Cold War as a tool of soft power.
Hear the hosts of shortwave radio, from the Nazi propagandists Lord Haw Haw and Mildred Gillars to Doris Maxina, the presenter of Soviet radio's Moscow Mailbag, plus June Taylor, the New Zealander who became the global voice of communist Albania.
Tune in to the sounds lost to time from Radio Netherlands' Happy Station Show to Radio Berlin International, and the Russian version of the British institution The Archers which came about following the collapse of the USSR.
Featuring:
Thomas Witherspoon, creator of the Shortwave Radio Audio Archive Jamie Shea, NATO spokesperson from 1993 to 2000 Sir John Tusa, managing director of the BBC World Service from 1986 to 1992 Ivana Stradner, research fellow at the Foundation for Defence of Democracies in the United States Nic Newman, senior research associate at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at Oxford University, UK
With archive from the Shortwave Radio Audio Archive, including recordings from Thomas Witherspoon, Paul Watson, Greg Shoom, Mark Hirst, Tom Gavaras and Keith Perron.
Moscow Mailbag recording from KSN's Tech Topics on YouTube.
Hear the voices at the heart of global stories. Where curious minds can uncover hidden truths and make sense of the world. Documentary storytelling from the BBC World Service.
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