
EDITOR’S NOTE: Read Matt Taibbi’s introduction of Who’s That Source here. The ratings have been precisely calibrated with Racket’s in-house proprietary shill-o-meter, so please direct gripes to the editor in chief. Analysts from Washington think tanks and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have appeared dozens of times in the New York Times, Washington Post, CBS, and Bloomberg as subject matter experts on the Iran War — and counting. While they are usually presented as neutral policy experts, their funding structures and advocacy histories are rarely disclosed. Racket News is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. As the United States moves deeper into conflict, the public conversation is increasingly shaped by experts whose institutions are funded by donors with clear interests. The question is not whether these institutions produce substantive research. Many do. The question is whether readers are given sufficient context to understand the financial and political ecosystems in which that research is produced. While interest groups like the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) and Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) have been well studied, and their biases are well known, other more obliquely-named interest groups may be harder to parse. As more money flows to defense contractors and trickles down to think tanks, and as Gulf states seek to strengthen their position in Washington, discerning who the media regards as subject matter experts will only become more important. This is an evolving document, and will be updated. Racket News reached out to all organizations for comment and zero replied. Name: Combating Terrorism Center at West Point Site: ctc.westpoint.edu Logo Concept: Watch your head! Source type: As an offshoot of West Point based out of the New York campus, the CTC provides cadets with the opportunity to minor in counterterrorism. Its core missions are to educate, research, and advise policy. The Pitch: The Washington Free Beacon reported last month that Iran had ballistic missiles capable of delivering chemical or biological weapons — a claim we haven’t heard a peep about since. To bolster its story, the Free Beacon reported that — per the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point — Iran has for a decade researched and developed "anesthetics used to incapacitate victims by targeting the central nervous system." The Catch: Though West Point is a federally funded service academy, the CTC’s $11.6 million endowment is completely privately funded. However while most donors are West Point alumni, billionaire and West Point graduate (class of 1977), Vincent Viola, is both CTC’s founder and primary donor. Upon retiring from the army as a Major and earning his juris doctor, he founded Virtu Financial, a global finance firm providing at-the-market (ATM) equity to clients in, but not limited to Canada, Greece, Australia, and Israel. In 2016, Trump planned to appoint him as the Secretary of the Army. However, he withdrew his name from the shortlist due difficulty divesting from conflicts of interest. “Experts” Yes/No?: Yes. CTC conducts rigorous history and theory based research on some of the most prominent terror groups. Products include the monthly CTC Sentinel, long-form academic reports, and shorter explainers. The CTC also aids policymakers and practitioners including, but not limited to the CIA Director, FBI officials, and commanders in the United States Special Operations Command. Racket Shill-o-Meter reads: 2%. Of course, a West Point affiliate that closely advises the military and CIA on counterterrorism will adhere to a certain paradigm. Some argue that CTC publications have overestimated the threat of ISIS and underestimated how quickly the caliphate would fall. Some academics believe that the CTC puts too much faith into the reliability of insurgent posts on social media. But the group does not take official policy stances. It touts its financial independence from the federal government as a credibility booster. The Beacon’s sources attempted to bolster the claim of chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction in Iran by dragging in the more limited claim of a credible organization and hoping nobody noticed the sleight of hand. Name: Foundation For Defense of Democracies Site: www.fdd.org Logo Concept: The torch of democracy (regime change) alights the newspaper page. Source type: Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) is a Washington, DC based 501(c)3 research institute focusing on national security and foreign policy. Though claiming to be nonpartisan, it has a right-wing bias. The Pitch: Since the lead up to Operation Epic Fury, FDD scholars have been cited in legacy media outlets including CBS, the New York Times, and the Wall Street Journal. Much of FDD’s featured analysis has been hawkishly supportive of regime change. “Dismantling that regime’s nuclear, missile, and terror infrastructure is not a favor to Israel. It is core American national security,” wrote Foundation for Defense of Democracies CEO Mark Dubowitz in the New York Post on March 9. “Iran’s missiles and nuclear program and terror are America’s problem. Those missiles don’t just threaten Israel. They are being fired right now at US forces, American bases, our embassies, and our Gulf Arab allies. Iran is actively developing intercontinental ballistic missiles that could one day reach the American homeland.” The Catch: Originally, FDD was called Emet, the Hebrew word for “truth.” Founded in early 2001, the organization’s intent was to “provide education meant to enhance Israel’s image in North America.” Emet politically aligned itself with Likud — the nationalistic political party of Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu. Two days after 9/11, Emet rebranded as FDD, and shifted from acting as Israel’s American public relations branch to educating the public on terrorism. FDD was founded by Clifford D. May. Prior to founding the think tank, May was a foreign correspondent with the New York Times. In 2000, he served as the communications director for the Republican National Committee. In 2008, he was nominated by President George W. Bush to serve on the Broadcasting Board of Governors, the entity responsible for all US government and government sponsored, non-military, and international broadcasting. In 2016, he was appointed by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. As of 2024, FDD had $27,703,934 worth of net assets. According to their website, “FDD does not accept donations from any foreign governments.” Donors include both individuals and charitable foundations including the Herzog Foundation, Abstraction Fund, the Klarman Family Foundation, the Marcus Fund, and the Koret Foundation. Major individual donors include Paul Singer and Sheldon Adelson. Singer is a hedge fund manager with a net worth of $6.7 billion. He has donated millions to Republican PACs and right-leaning think tanks including the Manhattan Institute. He has also donated to many Jewish organizations including Birthright Israel, Jewish Agency for Israel, and the Jewish Funders Network. The late Adelson was a casino owner with a net worth of $40 billion. He is considered the largest Republican mega-donor in American history. He also donated to a multitude of pro-Israel causes including Friends of the Israel Defense Forces. The Herzog Foundation is an organization dedicated to advancing Christian K-12 education. They have historically donated to Christian schools, conservative organizations such as the First Liberty Institute, and Freedom Foundation. The Abstraction Fund, Klarman Family Foundation, Marcus Foundation, and the Koret Foundation all continually donate to Israel-aligned philanthropic initiatives including Birthright Israel and Central Fund of Israel. “Experts” Yes/No?: Yes. The organization employs individuals of varying backgrounds from journalists to intelligence to military. Using open-source intelligence, FDD provides analysis to both policymakers and the media. It has advised the Bush, Obama, Biden, and Trump administrations as well as multiple congressional offices. In 2018, FDD encouraged Trump to withdraw from the JCPOA. Racket Shill-o-Meter reads: 99.8% FDD has fallen under scrutiny for promoting overzealous analysis and since deleting it. In April 2002, founder May described Iran and Iraq as “terrorist-sponsoring regimes attempting to develop weapons of mass destruction.” In January 2002, he was cited by the National Review stating that the claim “Saddam still has weapons of mass destruction cannot be seriously doubted.” And as recently as December 2022, FDD’s FAQ page asserted that “President Bush said he’s going after not only the terrorists but also the regimes that harbor the terrorists. We know Saddam Hussein is making weapons of mass destruction - biological, chemical and nuclear - and remains a serious threat. But other nations that harbor or sponsor terrorists - Iran, Syria, Somalia, Sudan, North Korea, Cuba - also must change their behavior. If we don’t insist on that, we won’t win this war.” According to a Responsible Statecraft report, these documents have since been deleted from the website. Name: National Endowment for Democracy Site: www.ned.org
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