30 November 2022

New Military Tech Is The Surprise Twist In Ukraine’s Gutsy Defence

Lead in > . . .this latest crisis underscores a wider point: the nine-months-long war in Ukraine has unleashed some unorthodox grassroots innovation that investors and policymakers would do well to watch. Most notably, a global network of tech talent has emerged that is sympathetic to Ukraine’s cause; partly because the country hosted numerous information technology services for companies across the world before the war. 


 

As Ukrainians use this network to scramble for ideas they can test, or “hack”, on the battlefield, this is sparking some “extraordinary innovation”, as Brad Smith, president of Microsoft recently noted. It is also quietly reshaping some elements of the business of war. In 20th-century America, breakthroughs in military tech tended to emerge either from gigantic companies such as Lockheed Martin or Raytheon, or from government-funded institutions like America’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa).


The latter produced innovations such as global positioning systems and drones, which were subsequently absorbed into civilian tech. However, today there is a surge in rapid grassroots improvisation among so-called “non-state actors”, including terrorists. One example is reports that Houthis are using 3D printers to manufacture drones in Yemen.

What is striking about Ukraine, however, is that thanks to the internet, decentralised networks are improvising on a large scale. Sometimes this involves tech giants. Google has offered support in both visible and less visible ways. (One example of the former is that it has sometimes switched off parts of its traffic locator maps to help assist the Ukrainian defence.) Microsoft has also provided cyber security support — although even Smith notes that it is the nimble response of the Ukrainians themselves which has been crucial in fending off Russian attacks.

Meanwhile Elon Musk’s SpaceX has supplied civilian Starlink internet terminals to enable Ukraine’s satellite communications. He subsequently got cold feet, suggesting he had never intended them for military use. But I am told the Ukrainian tech network is now feverishly testing alternative satellite systems to support soldiers on the front line.

publicnewstime.com

New Military Tech Is The Surprise Twist In Ukraine’s Gutsy Defence - Public News Time 


Public News Time
5 - 7 minutes

New military tech is the surprise twist in Ukraine’s gutsy defence

"The collapse of Sam Bank-Friedman’s FTX empire this month has visibly damaged other crypto players. But it has also had another, less obvious, impact: on a network of Ukraine-linked technologists.

The philanthropic FTX Future Fund had recently been providing discreet support to entrepreneurs developing innovative military tools for Ukraine. These technologists are now, they tell me, scrambling to find alternative donors after the “painful” shock of the exchange’s downfall.

I hope they find some. But this latest crisis underscores a wider point: the nine-months-long war in Ukraine has unleashed some unorthodox grassroots innovation that investors and policymakers would do well to watch. Most notably, a global network of tech talent has emerged that is sympathetic to Ukraine’s cause; partly because the country hosted numerous information technology services for companies across the world before the war.

As Ukrainians use this network to scramble for ideas they can test, or “hack”, on the battlefield, this is sparking some “extraordinary innovation”, as Brad Smith, president of Microsoft recently noted. It is also quietly reshaping some elements of the business of war. In 20th-century America, breakthroughs in military tech tended to emerge either from gigantic companies such as Lockheed Martin or Raytheon, or from government-funded institutions like America’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa).


The latter produced innovations such as global positioning systems and drones, which were subsequently absorbed into civilian tech. However, today there is a surge in rapid grassroots improvisation among so-called “non-state actors”, including terrorists. One example is reports that Houthis are using 3D printers to manufacture drones in Yemen.

What is striking about Ukraine, however, is that thanks to the internet, decentralised networks are improvising on a large scale. Sometimes this involves tech giants. Google has offered support in both visible and less visible ways. (One example of the former is that it has sometimes switched off parts of its traffic locator maps to help assist the Ukrainian defence.) Microsoft has also provided cyber security support — although even Smith notes that it is the nimble response of the Ukrainians themselves which has been crucial in fending off Russian attacks. 



 

Meanwhile Elon Musk’s SpaceX has supplied civilian Starlink internet terminals to enable Ukraine’s satellite communications. He subsequently got cold feet, suggesting he had never intended them for military use. But I am told the Ukrainian tech network is now feverishly testing alternative satellite systems to support soldiers on the front line.


What is more noteworthy, however, is the role of young tech companies, mere toddlers on the innovation scene. Drones are a case in point: smaller companies such as America’s Dedrone, Turkey’s Baykar Technologies and Germany’s Quantum-Systems are the focus of rapid innovation. And consumer tech — which has become so powerful and cheap in recent years — is being commandeered by entrepreneurs in striking ways.

In the months after the Russian invasion, Ukrainian techies worked out how to put grenades on the type of cheap consumer drones sold online by companies such as DJI. They repurposed systems from companies like Dedrone to help combat Russia’s Orlan surveillance drones.

I am told some Ukrainian battalions are now trialing ways of countering the “swarms” of Iranian Shahed-136 drones that are currently being deployed by Russia. One idea is to use Bayraktar drones as quasi “sentries”, possibly with artificial intelligence capabilities (a move that would potentially take drone-on-drone warfare to new levels). 

Meanwhile, seven maritime and nine aerial drones were recently dispatched, apparently by Ukraine, to attack Russian vessels in the strategic Black Sea port of Sevastopol. The bold move startled some military observers, who dubbed it “a glimpse into the future of naval warfare”. Kyiv has apparently developed naval drones that feature a propulsion system from a popular Canadian jet ski brand. This gives a new twist to the idea of dual-use tech.


The Ukrainians are certainly not alone in this repurposing: unexpected pieces of consumer tech from all over the world (even Israel) are also appearing in Iranian drones. But what is striking is Ukraine’s decentralised power structures — the grassroots entrepreneurs have a sense of agency that is rarely found in Russia, where vertical hierarchies dominate in military and civilian society alike. As commentators on Russian state TV have noted themselves, the culture of a country’s army invariably reflects its national identity.

Of course, such grassroots innovation has its limits: it cannot fix Ukraine’s desperate need for more powerful long-range missiles, or better air defence systems. It also needs reliable sources of funding, as the dance with FTX Future shows.

But this new wave of technology has already changed the trajectory of the war. And for those military strategists outside Ukraine, it will provide study materials for years to come. If and when the war ends, it may even offer a way for Kyiv to create a cutting-edge civilian tech sector. Here’s hoping."

gillian.tett

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Starlink prices in Ukraine nearly double as mobile networks falter

The Ukrainian government is planning to purchase thousands of new Starlinks, prime minister Denys Shmyhal said on Tuesday, and will make their imports tax and duty-free.


 ✓ Demand for Starlink has grown in recent weeks, local retailers said, as a small gray market emerged of people paying as much as $1,125 for immediate delivery of the devices, rather than waiting to source them from Poland or for SpaceX to make the delivery.


The small portable devices, which connect to satellites via a book-sized antenna, have provided crucial internet connectivity to the Ukrainian military and civilians in areas with little to no mobile phone networks or broadband coverage.

It is unclear if the prices have also changed for the Ukrainian government, which uses a mix of Starlink from various donors, including Musk’s SpaceX, the Polish government and Nato allies and from crowdsourced supporters.

www.ft.com

Ukraine’s Starlink problems show the dangers of digital dependency

Gillian Tett

". . .Please use the sharing tools found via the share button at the top or side of articles. Copying articles to share with others is a breach of FT.com T&Cs and Copyright Policy. Email licensing@ft.com to buy additional rights. Subscribers may share up to 10 or 20 articles per month using the gift article service. More information can be found here.
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When Russia invaded Ukraine, Musk agreed to transfer Starlink terminals into the country, to provide internet to civilians and the military alike. These small devices, which were initially intended for a consumer market, work via a link to SpaceX’s satellites. Musk deserves praise for this, in my view. As I have written before, one crucial attraction of Starlink is that it creates a “distributed” system — ie one that is spread about. This is much harder to destroy with missiles than something centred on a cell tower. And with some 25,000 Starlinks now sitting in Ukraine, according to Musk, this network has kept vital civic and humanitarian functions running, ranging from hospitals to banks. Starlinks have also been extensively used by the Ukrainian army to fight its savvy campaign, funded by multiple sources. But recently events became odd. Last month Musk suddenly tweeted that “Starlink is meant for peaceful use only” (even though American officials tell me that SpaceX is selling thousands to Nato groups at ever-increasing prices). Ian Bremmer, head of the risk consultancy Eurasia Group, alleged in a subscriber note sent on Monday that Musk told him he had declined Ukrainian requests to turn on coverage in Crimea, fearing Russian retaliation. Musk retorted that “nobody should trust Bremmer”. Other officials have corroborated Bremmer’s point. Then, in late September, Starlink terminals stopped working in parts of eastern and southern Ukraine that Putin claims to have annexed, but which have been recaptured by the Ukrainian army. Kyiv officials say this has created some “catastrophic” situations.
 Coincidence? Perhaps. Or possibly a technical glitch or Russian jamming...Please use the sharing tools found via the share button at the top or side of articles. Copying articles to share with others is a breach of FT.com T&Cs and Copyright Policy. Email licensing@ft.com to buy additional rights. Subscribers may share up to 10 or 20 articles per month using the gift article service. More information can be found here.
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To what degree will US politicians permit a capricious billionaire to exert influence in fields ranging from social media to a foreign war? How should investors price the policy risks when private companies supply military agencies, or venture into space? Could the US government invoke the Defense Production Act over SpaceX? Is it acceptable for Musk to talk with the Russian government, as Eurasia suggests he has done? Then there is a wide lesson about utility dependence — and diversification. Ukraine became dependent on using Starlink to get internet coverage this year since it needed to act fast, and the system was far better than alternatives, and initially quite cheap. As Fedorov notes, it has delivered enormous benefits. But this reliance also creates a potential vulnerability (not dissimilar to Germany’s previous heavy use of Russian gas, or US dependence on Taiwanese computing chips). I have little doubt that if Ukraine needs to reduce its exposure to a billionaire in the future, it would eventually find a way. But in the meantime, the events will be carefully studied by other small nations — be that Taiwan or Estonia — who fear they might also need to defend themselves one day, and need distributed internet systems. And, more widely, the saga should be a big wake-up call for any business leader, investor and policymaker. The war in Ukraine underscores in a very extreme form the degree to which we live in a digital world, where platforms are the lifeblood of the economy and much else. The question of who controls them, and whether we trust their reliability, thus matters deeply in these unstable times. Trust when shattered is hard to restore. . ." READ MORE

arstechnica.com

Starlink prices in Ukraine nearly double as mobile networks falter

by Mehul Srivastava and Roman Olearchyk, FT - Nov 30, 2022 2:17 pm UTC
5 - 6 minutes

Russian assault on electricity grid drives Starlink prices up.

Enlarge / Local residents access the Internet from the Starlink network, set up by the Ukrainian army on November 13, 2022, in Kherson, Ukraine, after the city was liberated from Russian occupation.

"The list prices of Starlink communications devices have nearly doubled in Ukraine, as mobile networks have started failing under Russia’s assault on the country’s electricity grid and increased demand for the SpaceX-manufactured satellite communication device.

Starlink terminals, which are made by Elon Musk-owned SpaceX, will increase in price to $700 for new Ukrainian consumers, according to the company’s website. This represents a rise from about $385 earlier this year, screenshots of past pricing data shared by users inside the country show.

The consumer cost of the monthly subscription to Starlink has fluctuated recently, dropping from about $100 to $60 on Ukraine’s Independence day on August 24 to “reflect local market conditions,” and will now rise to $75.


Prices have also soared in neighboring Poland, where many Ukrainians source Starlink to avoid problems with domestic mail delivery, but remained the same in Slovakia and most other European countries.

Musk did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The small portable devices, which connect to satellites via a book-sized antenna, have provided crucial Internet connectivity to the Ukrainian military and civilians in areas with little to no mobile phone networks or broadband coverage.

It is unclear if the prices have also changed for the Ukrainian government, which uses a mix of Starlink from various donors, including Musk’s SpaceX, the Polish government, Nato allies, and crowdsourced supporters.


In separate, ongoing negotiations between SpaceX and the US Department of Defense, SpaceX had as recently as October asked Washington to pay $4,500 a month for each terminal intended for Ukraine, a person familiar with the situation said. A Pentagon spokesman said the department has been in contact with SpaceX about Starlink but declined to detail the discussions. He said the US and Ukraine have identified satellite communications as a critical capability on the battlefield.

Musk turned on connectivity for the satellite-based service within Ukraine days after Russia launched its full-blown invasion on February 24, responding on Twitter to a request by a Ukrainian minister.

Since then, Ukrainian military has used Starlink extensively along the frontline, where months of battles have rendered mobile networks unreliable, using vast amounts of high-speed data to communicate with each other and with their bases and to transmit high-resolution drone images.

The Ukrainian government is planning to purchase thousands of new Starlinks, Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal said on Tuesday, and will make their imports tax and duty-free.

Civilians in areas taken back from Russian control also often rely on Starlink while Ukrainian mobile network providers restore services.

In recent weeks, though, mobile networks in big cities such as Kyiv have also faltered, as Russia has sought to cripple Ukraine’s electricity distribution system.

Musk has previously complained that the cost to SpaceX of delivering Starlink services to Ukraine could run as high as $100 million by the end of 2022, after the Financial Times reported that the Ukrainian military faced operational problems in October after discovering the devices didn’t work in areas recently liberated from Russian control.

SpaceX had also asked the US government to pick up the costs of providing the service to the Ukrainian government and military that could run to $400 million over a 12-month period, CNN reported in October. It is unclear what additional costs Musk is referring to, since many users pay SpaceX directly for buying the terminals and a monthly subscription fee.

Dimko Zhluktenko, a software engineer who runs a charity to fundraise equipment for soldiers, said he had purchased as many as 200 Starlinks in the past to send to the front lines, averaging about $500 for the price of each terminal, a deposit, and the first month’s subscription fee.

But his most recent fundraising effort, where he was raising $50,000 to buy 100 more, has been derailed by the price increase. . .





21 hours ago · The list price of Starlink communications hardware has nearly doubled in Ukraine, as mobile networks begin to fail in light of Russia's assault on the ...
20 hours ago · Starlink prices in Ukraine nearly double as mobile networks falter. Ukraine war latest: Ukraine set for 'terrible winter'; Russian troops ...

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15 hours ago · At the same time, according to updated data on the company's website, Starlink terminals have also risen in price. If before they cost $600, now ...
7 hours ago · The cost of Starlink terminals in war-torn Ukraine has nearly doubled over the past year, Financial Times reported.


TONIGHT: SpaceX set to launch two spacecraft to the Moon

This represents a remarkable renaissance in lunar exploration. Consider that, from 1973 to 2022, NASA and the United States sent a total of 15 spacecraft to the Moon over a period of five decades. Now, thanks to a mix of commercial, academic, and government payloads, US rockets will launch 15 spacecraft to the Moon in about five months.

arstechnica.com

SpaceX set to launch two spacecraft to the Moon tonight

by Eric Berger - Nov 30, 2022 10:49am MST
4 - 5 minutes

ispace is seeking to become the first private company to successfully land on the Moon.

The Hakuto-R spacecraft is encapsulated in a Falcon 9 fairing.

ispace

"It has been a busy second half of the year for the Moon. Since late June, three US rockets have launched payloads to the Moon, and one more is set for early Friday morning.

Across these four launches—two on SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket, one on Rocket Lab's Electron, and one on NASA's Space Launch System—there have been a total of 15 spacecraft sent to fly by the Moon, enter orbit, or land there. The most notable of these, of course, is NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is due to return to Earth on December 11.

This represents a remarkable renaissance in lunar exploration. Consider that, from 1973 to 2022, NASA and the United States sent a total of 15 spacecraft to the Moon over a period of five decades. Now, thanks to a mix of commercial, academic, and government payloads, US rockets will launch 15 spacecraft to the Moon in about five months.

Hakuto-R

Up next is a Falcon 9 rocket, scheduled to launch at 3:37 am ET (8:37 UTC) from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on Thursday. Its primary payload is a commercial spacecraft and lander known as the Hakuto-R mission, which was developed by a Japanese company named ispace.

The mission was delayed a day after SpaceX said it needed time for "additional checks," which is a generic term the company uses when it needs more time to address various technical launch issues. This relatively small lander will spend about three months following a long trajectory to reach the Moon, which will allow it to arrive there using a minimal amount of fuel.

With the Hakuto-R vehicle, ispace is seeking to become the first private company to successfully land a spacecraft on another world. And if the company is successful, Japan would become the fourth country (after the United States, Soviet Union, and China) to land on the Moon.

Landing on the Moon is a big challenge. In recent years, efforts by India and an Israel-backed organization, SpaceIL, have failed to make a soft touchdown on the Moon.

Among the payloads being carried by the Hakuto-R lander is the Rashid lunar rover, which was built by the United Arab Emirates. This is a small rover, about 10 kg in mass, and will carry two high-resolution cameras as an experiment to study the stickiness of lunar dust.

More to come

NASA is also sending a spacecraft to the Moon on this Falcon 9 launch as a secondary passenger. This small Lunar Flashlight mission, a 6U CubeSat the size of a briefcase, is bound for a near-rectilinear halo orbit around the Moon, similar to the one the private CAPSTONE spacecraft entered earlier this fall.

This mission's goal will be to look for ice on the Moon. Four lasers will emit near-infrared light that is readily absorbed by water ice. The greater the absorption observed in craters on the Moon, the more ice there is likely to be. This mission should help inform future efforts by robots and humans to explore lunar ice deposits.

As busy as this period has been for the Moon, there is much more to come. During the first half of 2023, two commercial US companies—Intuitive Machines and Astrobotic—are expected to attempt landings on the Moon for NASA. India, Japan, and possibly even Russia also plan to launch missions to the Moon in 2023.

Later this decade, of course, NASA is building its entire Artemis Program around lunar exploration, including human missions and the possibility of a settlement late this decade. China is looking to lead an ambitious program to the Moon as well, with the possible landing of its own astronauts in about a decade.

After 50 years, the Moon is back."

Eric Berger / Eric Berger is the senior space editor at Ars Technica, covering everything from astronomy to private space to NASA, and author of the book Liftoff, about the rise of SpaceX. A certified meteorologist, Eric lives in Houston. 

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