". . ., working together makes robots more resistant to failure—even if some members of the group fall short of the goal, the rest keep performing their programmed motions until enough of them eventually succeed.
Watch 'ant-like' robot swarms conquer obstacles and transport heavy loads
Scientists in South Korea have developed swarms of tiny magnetic robots that work together like ants to achieve Herculean feats, including traversing and picking up objects many times their size.
The findings, published December 18 in Device, suggest that these microrobot swarms—operating under a rotating magnetic field—could be used to take on difficult tasks in challenging environments that individual robots would struggle to handle, such as offering a minimally invasive treatment for clogged arteries and precisely guiding organisms.
"The high adaptability of microrobot swarms to their surroundings and high autonomy level in swarm control were surprising," says author Jeong Jae Wie of the Department of Organic and Nano Engineering at Hanyang University in Seoul, South Korea.
Wie and colleagues tested how well microrobot swarms with different assembly configurations performed at a variety of tasks. They found that swarms with high aspect ratio assembly could climb an obstacle five times higher than the body length of a single microrobot and hurl themselves, one by one, over an obstacle.
A large swarm of 1,000 microrobots with high packing density formed a raft that floated on water and wrapped itself around a pill that weighed 2,000 times more than each individual robot, enabling the swarm to transport the drug through the liquid.
On dry land, a robot swarm managed to transport cargo 350 times heavier than each individual, while another microrobot swarm was able to unclog tubes that resembled blocked blood vessels. Finally, through spinning and orbital dragging motions, Wie's team developed a system through which robot swarms could guide the motions of small organisms.
Scientists have become increasingly interested in studying how swarms of robots can collectively achieve goals, inspired by the way ants band together to bridge a gap in a path or huddle in the shape of a raft to survive floods.
Similarly, working together makes robots more resistant to failure—even if some members of the group fall short of the goal, the rest keep performing their programmed motions until enough of them eventually succeed.
The researchers programmed the robots to come together in different configurations by varying the angle at which the robots were magnetized.
- "We developed a cost-effective mass production method using onsite replica molding and magnetization, ensuring uniform geometry and magnetization profiles for consistent performance," says Wie.
- "While the study's results are promising, the swarms will need higher levels of autonomy before they will be ready for real-world applications," says Wie.
- "The magnetic microrobot swarms require external magnetic control and lack the ability to autonomously navigate complex or confined spaces like real arteries," he says.
"Future research will focus on enhancing the autonomy level of the microrobot swarms, such as real-time feedback control of their motions and trajectories."
More information: Magnetic Swarm Intelligence of Mass-Produced Programmable Microrobot Assemblies for Versatile Task Execution, Device (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2024.100626. www.cell.com/device/fulltext/S2666-9986(24)00583-0
Journal information: Device
Provided by Cell Press
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