The colors compare trade with the U.S., EU, and China only, using the combined value of goods imports and exports. They exclude services, and a country’s largest trading partner overall could still be someone outside these three.
In 2000, the European Union led this comparison across much of the world, while the United States had strong trading relationships throughout the Americas and parts of Asia. China ranked first among these three partners for only a small number of countries.
By 2025, China’s reach had expanded across much of Asia, Africa, South America, and Oceania. The United States remained the leading partner for Canada and Mexico, while the EU retained strong connections across Europe and nearby regions.
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China’s expansion reflects its growing importance as both a supplier of manufactured products and a buyer of energy, minerals, and agricultural goods. The shift has changed supply chains and deepened commercial ties between economies thousands of miles apart.
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