04 August 2023

New Report from The War Zone: Some Strange Things in Arizona's Military Training Ranges

It should be noted up front that not all of the reports about incidents in the skies over U.S. military training areas in Arizona during the 2020-2023 timeframe are necessarily notable, at least based on the information currently in hand. Some part of the uptick in overall incidents can be explained by the growing prevalence of consumer-grade drones, something that has appeared in other similar data sets in the past.  
At the same time, a number of the incidents that the FAA and the Air Force documented in the past three years include details that are very attention-grabbing.

Pilots Are Seeing Some Very Strange Things In Arizona’s Military Training Ranges

U.S. fighter jets are having worrisome aerial encounters in Arizona’s restricted air combat training areas, which fits with a broader trend.

BYJOSEPH TREVITHICKTYLER ROGOWAY|
Unidentified Arizona training ranges
Image credit: VFRMap.com/USAF.

> Encounters with small unidentified "objects," sometimes in swarm-like groups of as many as eight. Sightings of other objects, including some characterized as drones, flying at altitudes up to 36,000 feet and as fast as Mach 0.75. Another apparent small drone actually hitting the canopy of an F-16 Viper causing damage. 
  • These incidents and many more, all occurred in or around various military air combat training ranges in Arizona since January 2020.

The events are described in reports from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) filed over roughly a three-year period. 

  • Overall, the data points to what are often categorized as drones, but many of which are actually unidentified objects, as well as what do appear to be drones, or uncrewed aerial systems (UAS), intruding into these restricted warning areas with alarming regularity.

A US Air Force F-35A Joint Strike Fighter, in the foreground, flies together with an F-16C Viper in the skies over Arizona. USAF
A US Air Force F-35A Joint Strike Fighter, in the foreground, flies together with an F-16C Viper in the skies over Arizona. USAF

Marc Cecotti, a contributor to The War Zone, has been able to obtain additional partially redacted reports about a number of these incidents from the U.S. Air Force's Safety Center via the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) that provide additional insights.

Cecotti, together with Adam Kehoe, another one of our contributors, had first begun to notice a clustering of reports of unusual aerial encounters in southwestern Arizona back in 2021. 


An interactive online tool they created for The War Zone that leverages the FAA's public database of drone-related incident reports helped highlight that trend.

The Reports

There have been a number of encounters between military aircraft and what are described as groups of craft flying together in the past three years or so in this specific part of the United States. . . .

A map showing the approximate locations of clusters of reports made to the FAA between 2016 and 2020 of encounters between military aircraft and unidentified uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) with unusual flight characteristics. <em>Marc Cecotti/Adam Keyhoe/The War Zone</em>
A map showing the approximate locations of clusters of reports made to the FAA between 2016 and 2020 of encounters between military aircraft and unidentified uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) with unusual flight characteristics. Marc Cecotti/Adam Keyhoe/The War Zone

Arizona Is Host To Major Air Combat Training Areas

When it comes to the Air Force, Arizona is home to Luke Air Force Base and Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. 

Luke has long been a major training hub for U.S. Air Force and foreign F-35 and F-16 pilots, though its work with the F-16 has been steadily diminishing in recent years. 

Davis-Monthan currently hosts units flying a variety of aircraft, including A-10 Warthog ground attack jets and EC-130H Compass Call electronic warfare planes, as well as the unit that oversees the U.S. military's famous boneyard that is part of the sprawling installation.

Arizona has a number of major training ranges with restricted airspace, including significant areas adjacent to Luke AFB and MCAS Yuma. 

  • In fact, a large swathe of Arizona's border with Mexico sits under these ranges, including the Barry M. Goldwater range. 
  • There are a number of other designated Military Operating Areas (MOA), which can readily, if temporarily be closed off for training, elsewhere in the state. 
  • Restricted airspace and MOAs are all included in what the FAA more broadly refers to as Special Use Airspace (SUA).

A map showing designated restricted airspace (outlined in red) and MOAs (outlined in purple) used for military training in Arizona and neighboring states. <em>DOD</em>
A map showing designated restricted airspace (outlined in red) and MOAs (outlined in purple) used for military training in Arizona and neighboring states. DOD
A VFR map of southwestern Arizona that also various Special Use Airspace (SUA) zones. <em>VFRmap.com</em>
A VFR map of southwestern Arizona that also various Special Use Airspace (SUA) zones. VFRmap.com

The reports of unidentified objects, especially the ones involving groups of them flying together, are particularly interesting given the surge in interest in recent years in what are now often referred to as unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), but have previously been more commonly known as unidentified flying objects (UFO).

Members of Congress are increasingly pushing for more declassification and general transparency from the U.S. military and Intelligence Community on these matters. These calls from legislators have only grown in the wake of allegations of a massive coverup from intelligence official and Air Force veteran turned whistleblower David Grusch, which you can read more about here.


... 

A growing national security and flight safety problem

The War Zone has pointed out in the past how reports about incidents involving UAPs, drones, and other things, such as balloons, are clearly being passed through multiple U.S. military reporting streams
The Chinese spy balloon, as seen from the cockpit of an Air Force U-2S Dragon Lady spy plane, which was subsequently shot down. <em>USAF</em>
The Chinese spy balloon, as seen from the cockpit of an Air Force U-2S Dragon Lady spy plane, which was subsequently shot down. USAF
The incidents involving the balloon and other 'objects' also revealed that the U.S. military, in particular, was not necessarily attuned to certain kinds of lower-end aerial threats, including literally when it came to what kinds of data its air defense radars were set up to collect.
  • Radars and other sensors may be part of another possible emerging trend based on what we're seeing from the FAA logs and newly released HATR reports. This has to do with the sensitivity of the F-35's sensor suite coupled with its immense data fusion capabilities. 
  • The War Zone has previously pointed out that a growing number of UAP reports from Navy pilots in the past two decades may well be tied, at least in part, to the introduction of newer, more sensitive active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars to the mix through the fielding of later block F/A-18E/F Super Hornet fighter jets and the new E-2D Hawkeye airborne early warning and control aircraft.
Especially without having more details about the final investigations into these incidents, this also raises questions about whether advanced sensors suites on the F-35 and other U.S. military aircraft may also be picking up things and not necessarily categorizing them correctly, in at least some instances.
At the same time, the F-35, in particular, has immediate additional ways to help positively identify any object of interest, including its Distributed Aperture System (DAS) and Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS). The jet's powerful electronic intelligence gathering (electronic support measures or ESM) suite is also a factor. 
  • The jet's AN/APG-81 radar, DAS, EOTS, and its ESM system can work together to detect, track and engage targets. Those targets can be detected in the infrared or radio frequency spectrum. If one sensor detects something either passively or actively, all those sensors can be immediately brought to bear on the target. 
  • This would all point to a significant amount of data being collected in encounters involving Joint Strike Strike Fighters even in the absence of direct visual (eyeball) confirmation. 
  • Older fighters also commonly carry targeting pods now that can be slaved to the jet's radar for long-range visual identification of aerial targets, as well. 
  • Even more advanced sensors are hitting the fleet, which you can read more about here.

If nothing else, the publicly available FAA logs together with the newly released Air Force data point to an increasing number of worrisome and potentially dangerous encounters with drones and other unidentified aerial objects. This includes ones that are clearly a very real hazard, as proven by the mid-air collision between the F-16 and the drone, in heavily trafficked military airspace in Arizona.

This adds to previous evidence that military training ranges on the east and west coasts of the United States have been focal points for increasing encounters with drones and other unidentified objects in the past decade. 

All this begs the question, what are these things, some of which are seen in groups or with high-performance capabilities, doing in America's sensitive training ranges? Where are they coming from? In the case of the Arizona events, are some of them flying across the Mexican border? 

The data also serves as further proof that this issue, in relation to America's sensitive domestic aerial training ranges, extends well beyond what has occurred in the warning areas off America's coasts.

You can take a look at all the documentation discussed in this report here and here.

Contact the author: joe@thedrive.com and tyler@thedrive.com


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