EXPLAINER: Background and causes
- Austerity budget: The unrest was triggered by a 2026 budget proposal from former Prime Minister François Bayrou's government. The plan aimed to cut €44 billion ($51 billion) from public spending, which included measures like eliminating two national holidays and freezing pensions.
- Political turmoil: The protests intensified after Bayrou lost a confidence vote on September 8, 2025, and President Macron appointed Sébastien Lecornu as the new Prime Minister two days later. This was the fourth prime minister appointed in just 12 months, adding to public frustration.
- Social media organization: The "Block Everything" movement originated on social media platforms like TikTok, Telegram, and X (formerly Twitter) in mid-2025. This grassroots approach is similar to the Yellow Vests movement of 2018.
- Broad discontent: Beyond the budget cuts, the movement also reflects broader public anger over social inequality and the perceived disconnect of the political elite.
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