Saturday, August 07, 2021

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On Language: KINDERGARTEN (German word) All of This + More Than Baby-Sitting, Daycare, Pre-School

Looks like it's an either-or-choice in different degrees and silos where the origins were places where children could be nurtured, grow and thrive. You can quickly see how fast it's been changed - not only the consequence of Pandemic disruptions

The Kindergarten Exodus

As the pandemic took hold, more than 1 million children did not enroll in local schools. Many of them were the most vulnerable: 5-year-olds in low-income neighborhoods.

Aug. 7, 2021

By Dana Goldstein and Alicia Parlapiano

PHILADELPHIA — On a sweltering July afternoon, Solomon Carson, 6, jumped off the stoop of his family’s tidy rowhouse in West Philadelphia, full of what his father, David, called “unspent energy.”

When a stranger asked his name, he answered brightly, but added that he couldn’t spell it. “I can help you with that,” his father said, patiently pronouncing each letter, with Solomon repeating after him.

Solomon was supposed to have learned the basics in kindergarten this past year, but his first year of formal education was anything but.

When Covid-19 closed classrooms, his parents chose not to enroll him in city schools that they already had doubts about. As they were not working, they decided to teach him at home along with his two older brothers. And they signed him up for a virtual charter school that advertised in-person tutoring — and failed to provide it. . .

Solomon is part of a vast exodus from local public schools.

As the pandemic upended life in the United States, more than one million children who had been expected to enroll in these schools did not show up, either in person or online. The missing students were concentrated in the younger grades, with the steepest drop in kindergarten — more than 340,000 students, according to government data.

Fall enrollment change by grade, 2019 to 2020

12th

11th

10th

8th

+1.1%

+0..8%

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

9th

+0.6%

–0.8%

–1.5%

–2.7%

–3.0%

–3.4%

–3.7%

–3.8%

–4.1%

–9.3%

Now, the first analysis of enrollment at 70,000 public schools across 33 states offers a detailed portrait of these kindergartners. It shows that just as the pandemic lay bare vast disparities in health care and income, it also hardened inequities in education, setting back some of the most vulnerable students before they spent even one day in a classroom.

The analysis by The New York Times in conjunction with Stanford University shows that in those 33 states, 10,000 local public schools lost at least 20 percent of their kindergartners. In 2019 and in 2018, only 4,000 or so schools experienced such steep drops.

The months of closed classrooms took a toll on nearly all students, and families of all levels of income and education scrambled to help their children make up for the gaps. . .

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CBDC/Stable-Coins: Central Banks Realize They Need To Provide An Alternative To Money - or The Future Will Pass Them By > The World Wide Crypto Market In Different Phases of Development

Today an information-piece mostly about another form of fun-gible money soon becoming more fungible in the sense it is 'legal tender' of a different kind - digital versions of already existing currencies that are issued, governed and backed by a central bank. You know, talking the place of what we used to rely on and have confidence in: gold and silver held in stockpile reserves that we could exchange for paper money that traded hands.

First up > Source

Kate Marino

Axios | 2021-07-22T11:38:58.276885Z

A map of countries exploring digital currencies

Insert copy > "Central bank digital currency (CBDC) is probably not top of mind for most global consumers. But we may soon have no choice but to think about it — since 81 countries, representing over 90% of global GDP, are now exploring the development of one.

Why it matters: The U.S. lags much of the world. It could miss out on the opportunity to take a leadership role in an increasingly likely global transition to some form of digital currencies.

"If the U.S. doesn't help standard-set and provide guidance on issues like privacy and cybersecurity, we could be headed into a fractured digital currency ecosystem that threatens the smooth operation of international finance," Josh Lipsky, director of the Atlantic Council's GeoEconomics Center, tells Axios.

Driving the news: The Atlantic Council, a think tank that will testify at a July 27 Congressional hearing on CBDCs, gave Axios a first look at its new interactive map showing just how many world governments are now considering it.

The backstory: CBDCs are digital versions of existing currencies — legal tender issued, governed and backed by a central bank.

State of play: China is furthest along among major global powers, having launched its pilot digital yuan in April.

A total of 16 other countries are in the pilot phase or have launched, and another 15 countries have CBDCs in development.
The U.S. is one of 33 countries still in the research phase.

What's next: Fed chair Jerome Powell has said that the U.S. central bank won't issue a CBDC without Congressional approval.

In response, Congressional committees have stepped up their inquiries. Tuesday's hearing is before the House Financial Services Committee and will focus on national security implications.

The bottom line: The U.S. doesn't need to create a digital dollar immediately in order to have an impact on the development of digital currencies, Lipsky says.

But it should engage with groups like the G7 and G20 nations to set standards for security and privacy, he adds

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MORE DETAILS

Insert copy >

Central Bank Digital Currency Tracker

Atlantic Council

SCROLL TO EXPLORE

What exactly is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)?

A CBDC is virtual money backed and issued by a central bank. As cryptocurrencies and stablecoins have become more popular, the world’s central banks have realized that they need to provide an alternative—or let the future of money pass them by.

81 countries (representing over 90 percent of global GDP) are now exploring a CBDC.

In our original report published in May 2020, only 35 countries were considering a CBDC.

China is racing ahead, including by allowing foreign visitors to use digital yuan if they provide passport information to the People’s Bank of China during the upcoming Winter Olympics.

Of the countries with the 4 largest central banks (the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, and the Bank of England), the United States is furthest behind.

> 5 countries have now fully launched a digital currency. The Bahamian Sand Dollar was the first CBDC to become widely available.

> 14 other countries, including major economies like Sweden and South Korea, are now in the pilot stage with their CBDCs and preparing a possible full launch.

Without new standards and international coordination, the financial system may face a significant currency exchange problem in the future.

Fri, Feb 19, 2021

What precisely will the US Treasury Department do about the rise of digital currencies? Secretary Yellen and Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell should quickly harness the potential of these evolving financial tools, including a US-backed digital dollar.

Tue, Apr 20, 2021

Digital payment systems are bringing millions of unbanked and underbanked online and rapidly revolutionizing global finance.

But new technology brings new challenges. From cybersecurity to sanctions evasion to money laundering. Should more governments step in and create their own Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)? What are China’s ambitions for its digital yuan? Can a transatlantic cooperative project can set new standards on digital currencies and ensure stable and transparent cross-border payments?

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