27 June 2023

52 Active Civil Wars in The World...and Casualties from "Un-Declared Wars"

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Deaths by country[edit]

Fatalities related to armed conflict, by country
Rank2018[h]2019[i]2020[i]2021[i]2022
CountryDeathsCountryDeathsCountryDeathsCountryDeathsCountryDeaths
1 AfghanistanNegative increase35,941 AfghanistanNegative increase41,735 MexicoPositive decrease34,512*/ AfghanistanNegative increase42,223 UkraineNegative increase240,400
2 MexicoNegative increase33,341*[208] MexicoNegative increase35,588* AfghanistanPositive decrease20,674 YemenNegative increase31,048 EthiopiaNegative increase105,900
3 YemenNegative increase22,201 YemenPositive decrease16,050 YemenNegative increase19,561 EthiopiaNegative increase22,800 MyanmarNegative increase20,206
4 SyriaPositive decrease20,130 SyriaPositive decrease11,244 SyriaPositive decrease7,620 MexicoPositive decrease18,811 MexicoPositive decrease7,821
5 IraqPositive decrease4,920 Saudi ArabiaNegative increase4,832 NigeriaNegative increase7,172 MyanmarNegative increase11,114 YemenPositive decrease6,607
6 NigeriaNegative increase4,850 SomaliaPositive decrease2,604 DR CongoNegative increase6,162 NigeriaNegative increase9,687 SomaliaNegative increase6,422
7 SomaliaPositive decrease3,862 LibyaNegative increase2,200+ Azerbaijan/
 Artsakh
Negative increase6,110 DR CongoNegative increase6,283 DR CongoPositive decrease6,254
8 Saudi ArabiaNegative increase3,509 IraqPositive decrease1,850+ SomaliaNegative increase2,950 SyriaPositive decrease5,828 SyriaPositive decrease5,257
9 DR CongoPositive decrease1,757 MaliPositive decrease734+ MaliNegative increase2,734 SomaliaNegative increase3,532 MaliNegative increase4,793
10 MaliNegative increase1,285 EgyptPositive decrease529+ IraqNegative increase2,436 IraqNegative increase2,605 Burkina FasoNegative increase4,700
11 South SudanPositive decrease1,166 South SudanPositive decrease519 Burkina FasoNegative increase2,268 Burkina FasoNegative increase2,358 IraqNegative increase4,181
12 IndiaNegative increase988[209] IndiaPositive decrease~403 South SudanNegative increase2,245 South SudanPositive decrease1,986 AfghanistanPositive decrease3,930
13 CameroonNegative increase945 DR CongoPositive decrease302+ EthiopiaNegative increase1,813 MaliPositive decrease1,911 NigeriaPositive decrease3,780
14 EthiopiaPositive decrease886 ColombiaPositive decrease238 MozambiqueNegative increase1,696 CARNegative increase1,704 NigerNegative increase3,000
15 CARPositive decrease842 CameroonPositive decrease234 LibyaPositive decrease1,484 SudanNegative increase1,584 ColombiaNegative increase2,276
16 PakistanPositive decrease736[210] PakistanPositive decrease206 CameroonNegative increase1,447 NigerNegative increase1,454 South SudanPositive decrease1,731
17 LibyaPositive decrease727 ThailandNegative increase163 PhilippinesNegative increase1,316 ColombiaNegative increase1,399 SudanPositive decrease1,327
18 ColombiaNegative increase709 NigeriaPositive decrease152 ColombiaNegative increase765 MozambiquePositive decrease1,194 CameroonNegative increase943
19 SudanPositive decrease600 UkrainePositive decrease119 IndiaNegative increase783 CameroonNegative increase790 MozambiquePositive decrease916
20 TurkeyPositive decrease530 PalestinePositive decrease100 MyanmarNegative increase650 PalestineNegative increase484 PakistanNegative increase900

*Mainly homicides rather than battle-related casualties

About Declarations of War by Congress


The Constitution grants Congress the sole power to declare war. Congress has declared war on 11 occasions, including its first declaration of war with Great Britain in 1812. Congress approved its last formal declaration of war during World War II. Since that time it has agreed to resolutions authorizing the use of military force and continues to shape U.S. military policy through appropriations and oversight.

CountryDateSenate VoteEffective Date
Great BritainJun 17, 181219-13Jun 18, 1812
MexicoMay 12, 184640-2
SpainApr 25, 1898UC
GermanyApr 4, 191782-6
Austria-HungaryDec 7, 191774-0
JapanDec 8, 194182-0
GermanyDec 11, 194188-0
ItalyDec 11, 194190-0
BulgariaJun 4, 194273-0
HungaryJun 4, 194273-0
RumaniaJun 4, 194273-0
Showing 1 to 11 of 11 Entries



INFOGRAPHIC

Chart: The World at War in 2023 | Statista

INFOGRAPHIC 

Mapped: Where are the World's Ongoing Conflicts Today?

INFOGRAPHIC   

World Map by most recent war fought on each country's land [1425x625] :  r/MapPorn

The less-reported conflicts of the Middle East

Ariel Oseran

i24NEWS Middle East correspondent | @ariel_oseran

10 min read
Map of the greater Middle East
i24NEWSMap of the greater Middle East

Both domestic and foreign actors are finding it increasingly difficult to achieve their political goals through military means

The Middle East is in turmoil.

Embroiled in conflict, with long-standing civil wars raging on for years, it has long been a region that has required significant international efforts to improve conditions on the ground. However, the decade that followed the Arab Spring has left it even more bloody and violent, with much of the international intervention manifesting as various proxy wars across the region.

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict, which predates the Arab spring, is perhaps the best-know – with the most news coverage – conflict in the region. But sectarian infighting and political fragmentation, which spread across the Middle East following the 2011 protests, saw significant escalations of other local conflicts.

With civil wars raging in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Libya and Ethiopia, to name a few, hundreds of thousands of people were killed over past year in those countries alone. Between these five conflicts more than 25 million people have been displaced, and millions more are in daily need of humanitarian aid.

Diving into the current situation of each of the five aforementioned conflicts, they can all broadly be described as stalemates. Both domestic and foreign actors are finding it increasingly difficult to achieve their political goals through military means. On the one hand, this has led to a series of de-escalations. On the other hand, this is often a result of exhaustion and conflict fatigue. Thus, this should not necessarily be seen as cause for optimism.

Syria: From popular protests to full-out war

What began as protests against Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad amid the broader 2011 Arab Spring protests, rapidly escalated into a full-scale civil war. 

On one side, the Syrian government – backed by Russia and Iran – and on the other, anti-government rebel groups, backed by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other regional actors. 

i24NEWS
i24NEWSMap of Syria

With the Islamic State (ISIS) mostly defeated in 2019, the Syrian conflict remained separated into two main campaigns: continued fighting between the Syrian government and opposition forces in limited areas, and cross-border military operations against Syrian Kurds by Turkish forces. 

12 years in, the Syrian civil war is largely considered to be over. Despite continued fighting in Idlib in the north and Dar'aa to the south, the Assad regime is in control of roughly 95 percent of the country's territory and talks of his removal ceased years ago. Instead, well-aware of this stalemate, regional leaders have recently begun to extend a warm hand to Assad.  

What began last year with a surprise visit to the United Arab Emirates, and a warm reception by then-Abu Dhabi Crown Prince and current UAE President, Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, has since seen a gradual end to Syria's regional isolation. 

The latest move in that direction is an expected invitation by Saudi Arabia to the Syrian President to attend an Arab League summit in Riyadh next month.

Iraq: A civil war waiting to erupt

Perhaps the least active of all of the five mentioned conflicts, sectarian tensions in Iraq threaten to engulf the country in another war, with the country still recovering from the war against the Islamic state. 

More than two million people remain internally displaced and nearly nine million are in need of humanitarian assistance following the nearly four-year war.

In April 2018, U.S. military forces formally ended their combat operations in Iraq. They have since remained in a limited capacity with the purpose of advising and training Iraqi government forces. 

i24NEWS
i24NEWSMap of Iraq

The main stage has been seized by firebrand Shiite cleric Muqtada Sadr. A coalition of parties led by the former militia leader won a surprise victory in Iraq’s parliamentary elections in May 2018. These results put into question Iranian influence in Iraq, as well as the future of U.S. troops in the country.

Despite being seen as a kingmaker in Iraq, Sadr has kept a low profile since some of the worst violence in years in the country started on August of 2022 in Baghdad’s Green Zone. Sadrist supporters conducted a month-long protest that included multiple sit-ins in parliament. 

With Iraqi security forces barely able to contain the last round of violence between pro and anti-Iran camps, the next flare-up could have more substantial ramifications moving forward.

Yemen: The world's worst humanitarian crisis

Now in its ninth year, the civil war in Yemen has ravaged much of the nation of 33 million people. 

Over 150,000 people have been killed in the fighting that began in 2014. Since then, the Houthi insurgents – Shiite rebels with links to Iran – have maintained control of Yemen’s capital and largest city, Sana'a.

The coalition of Gulf states led by Saudi Arabia, which launched a campaign of economic isolation and air strikes against the Houthis in 2015, with logistical and intelligence support by the U.S. But it has completely failed to remove the Houthi insurgency. 

i24NEWS
i24NEWSMap of Yemen

In April 2022, the United Nations negotiated a cease-fire between the Houthi rebels and the Yemeni government. This period saw the opening of the key port Hudeidah to bring fuel and food into the Houthi-controlled north. Also, Sana’a airport was reopened for commercial flights. Yet, in the absence of any kind of political agreement between the sides, the ceasefire stopped being extended. 

Currently, the fractured country continues to see limited fighting between coalition forces and Iranian-backed Houthi rebels. The conflict remains fueled by fighting for control over the country's oil industry, mainly in the Marib region in northern Yemen. It is one of the government's last strongholds in the country, along with Al-Bayda province in the south. 

Meanwhile, the conflict continues to take a heavy toll on Yemeni civilians, making Yemen the world’s worst humanitarian crisis according to the U.N.

Libya: A fractured nation pulled apart by foreigners

Here's an example of another country that was thrown into chaos in the wake of the Arab spring.

Since the ouster and death of former leader Muammar al-Qaddafi in October 2011, the oil-rich country has remained in turmoil. Attempts to build a democratic state have failed spiraled into a civil war between rivaling governments in 2014, essentially splitting the Libyan military into two warring factions.

Since then, the fighting has mainly been between rival political powers in East and west Libya. The U.N.-backed Tripoli administration, known as the government of national accord (GNA) and led by Prime Minister Fayez Sarraj, controls the West. The GNA is supported mainly by Turkey and Qatar but also Iran. 

i24NEWS
i24NEWSMap of Libya

The Tobruk administration, which left to the eastern city after disputed elections, appointed renegade general Khalid’s Haftar to lead the Libyan National Army (LNA) and restore its sovereignty. The LNA enjoys the support of many countries, notably Russia, Egypt, the UAE and Saudi Arabia.

The absence of a cohesive governing body and unified security forces have enabled Islamist groups, including ISIS, to maintain a foothold in the country‘a southern regions. Meanwhile, despite international efforts to establish a unity government, intermittent fighting and armed clashes between various rival militia groups continue across the country, mainly around oil fields. 

United Nations investigators say there is evidence that crimes against humanity have been committed against Libyans and migrants stuck in Libya, committed by state security forces and armed militia groups.

Ethiopia: The rebuilding begins

While it is debatable whether it can be included as part of the Middle East, Ethiopia’s northernmost region of Tigray has been at the center of an ongoing civil conflict since November 2020. 

The conflict involves regional militias, the federal government, and the Eritrean military and has attracted the concern of humanitarian groups and external actors since November 2020.

The two-year conflict triggered a refugee and displacement crisis that is still ongoing. 

i24NEWS
i24NEWSMap of Ethiopia

In 2021, Ethiopia reported 5.1 million internally displaced people in twelve months, the most people internally displaced in any country in any single year. Additionally, millions more have fled to neighboring Sudan as the northern part of Ethiopia, especially Tigray, remains cut off from food, water, and medical aid.

A peace deal signed in November has raised hopes for thousands of Ethiopians that might be able to return home. It has stopped both the fighting and a blockade of Tigray by federal forces that led to probably hundreds of thousands of deaths from bombs, bullets or war-induced famine and disease.

But as the country tries to rebuild after a devastating conflict, the United Nations is calling for investigations into U.S. claims that Ethiopian and Eritrean troops, as well as rebels, committed war crimes during the brutal conflict.

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