The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) is a comprehensive metric released annually by the U.S. Census Bureau that measures poverty by accounting for noncash government benefits (e.g., SNAP, housing assistance), taxes, and necessary expenses like medical costs. It provides a more accurate, context-aware picture of economic deprivation than the official poverty measure by adjusting for geographic cost-of-living differences and including modern, non-monetary, and tax-based resources.
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